Template Method Pattern

Real world example

Suppose we are getting some house built. The steps for building might look like

• Prepare the base of house

• Build the walls

• Add roof

• Add other floors The order of these steps could never be changed i.e. you can't build the roof before building the walls etc but each of the steps could be modified for example walls can be made of wood or polyester or stone.

In plain words

Template method defines the skeleton of how certain algorithm could be performed but defers the implementation of those steps to the children classes.

Wikipedia says

In software engineering, the template method pattern is a behavioral design pattern that defines the program skeleton of an algorithm in an operation, deferring some steps to subclasses. It lets one redefine certain steps of an algorithm without changing the algorithm's structure.

Programmatic Example

Imagine we have a build tool that helps us test, lint, build, generate build reports (i.e. code coverage reports, linting report etc) and deploy our app on the test server.

First of all we have our base class that specifies the skeleton for the build algorithm

class Builder {
    // Template method 
    build() {
        this.test()
        this.lint()
        this.assemble()
        this.deploy()
    }
}

Then we can have our implementations

class AndroidBuilder extends Builder {
    test() {
        console.log('Running android tests')
    }
    
    lint() {
        console.log('Linting the android code')
    }
    
    assemble() {
        console.log('Assembling the android build')
    }
    
    deploy() {
        console.log('Deploying android build to server')
    }
}

class IosBuilder extends Builder {
    test() {
        console.log('Running ios tests')
    }
    
    lint() {
        console.log('Linting the ios code')
    }
    
    assemble() {
        console.log('Assembling the ios build')
    }
    
    deploy() {
        console.log('Deploying ios build to server')
    }
}

And then it can be used as

const androidBuilder = new AndroidBuilder()
androidBuilder.build()

// Output:
// Running android tests
// Linting the android code
// Assembling the android build
// Deploying android build to server

const iosBuilder = new IosBuilder()
iosBuilder.build()

// Output:
// Running ios tests
// Linting the ios code
// Assembling the ios build
// Deploying ios build to server